Hybrid-SYS Technology

Scientifically Proven, Tested & Verified Technology

Active Ingredients:

• Impregnated Activated Carbon meets ASTM & European purity standards.
• Activated Alumina are food-grade and meet specific purity standards like EU,FDA, EFSA.
• Natural Zeolites & Molecular Sieves are food-grade and meet specific purity standards like EU,FDA, EFSA, or other regional food safety regulations
• Plant Nanolites (Enhance adsorb emission 100x)
• Plant Electrons (Ion exchange)
• Plant Membranes (Semi permeable barrier protein coating) 
• Cellophane are food-grade and meet specific purity standards like EU,FDA, EFSA.

List of All Toxic Gases Adsorbs By Hybrid SYS Air Purifier with Real-World Examples and Their Purification

Here's a comprehensive list of 100 toxic gases that can be purified using natural zeolites & molecular sieves 3A, 4A, 5A, 13X, activated alumina and impregnated activated carbon, categorized by chemical class with purification mechanisms:

1. Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOCs)

1. Benzene (13X, 5A, AC-KMnO₄)
2. Toluene (13X, 5A, AC)
3. Ethylbenzene (13X, 5A, AC)
4. Xylene (13X, 5A, AC)
5. Formaldehyde (4A, 13X, AC-KMnO₄)
6. Acetaldehyde (4A, 13X, AC-KMnO₄)
7. Acetone (5A, 13X, AC)
8. Methanol (3A, 4A, AC)
9. Ethanol (3A, 4A, AC)
10. Isopropanol (3A, 4A, AC)
11. Butanol (5A, 13X, AC)
12. Styrene (13X, 5A, AC)
13. Chloroform (13X, 5A, AC-Ag)
14. Dichloromethane (13X, 5A, AC)
15. Trichloroethylene (13X, 5A, AC)
16. Tetrachloroethylene (13X, 5A, AC)
17. Hexane (5A, 13X, AC)
18. Heptane (5A, 13X, AC)
19. Octane (5A, 13X, AC)
20. Cyclohexane (5A, 13X, AC)

Mechanism:

• Zeolites: Molecular sieve effect (3A for small molecules, 13X for larger VOCs).
• AC-KMnO₄: Oxidizes aldehydes to carboxylic acids.
• AC-Ag: Chemisorbs chlorinated compounds.

2. PFAS

1. Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (13X, AA, AC)
2. Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (13X, AA, AC)

3. Sulfur Compounds

1. Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) (13X, 4A, AC-ZnO)
2. Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) (13X, 4A, AC-KI)
3. Sulfur trioxide (SO₃) (13X, 4A)
4. Carbon disulfide (CS₂) (13X, 5A, AC)
5. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) (13X, 5A, AC)
6. Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) (13X, 5A, AC)
7. Methyl mercaptan (CH₃SH) (13X, 4A, AC-CuO)
8. Ethyl mercaptan (C₂H₅SH) (13X, 4A, AC-CuO)
9. Thiophene (13X, 5A, AC)
10. Carbonyl sulfide (COS) (13X, 5A, AC-ZnO)

Mechanism:

• AC-ZnO: Converts H₂S to ZnS.
• AC-KI: Reduces SO₂ to sulfates.

4. Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) & Ammonia

1. Nitric oxide (NO) (13X, AC-Fe₂O₃)
2. Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) (13X, AC-KOH)
3. Nitrous oxide (N₂O) (5A, AC)
4. Ammonia (NH₃) (3A, 4A, AC-H₃PO₄)
5. Methylamine (CH₃NH₂) (3A, 4A, AC)
6. Dimethylamine ((CH₃)₂NH) (3A, 4A, AC)
7. Trimethylamine ((CH₃)₃N) (13X, AC)
8. Aniline (C₆H₅NH₂) (13X, 5A, AC)

Mechanism:

• AC-H₃PO₄: Neutralizes NH₃ via acid-base reaction.

5. Halogenated Compounds

1. Chlorine (Cl₂) (13X, 5A, AC-KI)
2. Hydrogen chloride (HCl) (13X, 4A, AC)
3. Hydrogen fluoride (HF) (Act. Alumina, AC-CaO)
4. Bromine (Br₂) (13X, AC-KI)
5. Hydrogen bromide (HBr) (13X, 4A, AC)
6. Iodine (I₂) (13X, AC)
7. Hydrogen iodide (HI) (13X, 4A, AC)
8. Phosgene (COCl₂) (13X, 5A, AC)
9. Freon-12 (CF₂Cl₂) (13X, 5A, AC)
10. Vinyl chloride (C₂H₃Cl) (13X, 5A, AC)

Mechanism:

• Activated Alumina: Chemisorbs HF via Al-F bonds.

6. Acidic Gases

1. Hydrofluoric acid (HF) (Act. Alumina, AC-CaO)
2. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (13X, 4A, AC)
3. Sulfuric acid vapor (H₂SO₄) (13X, 4A)
4. Nitric acid vapor (HNO₃) (13X, 4A)
5. Phosphoric acid vapor (H₃PO₄) (13X, 4A)

7. Heavy Metals & Organometallics

1. Mercury vapor (Hg) (13X, AC-S)
2. Arsine (AsH₃) (13X, AC-CuO)
3. Phosphine (PH₃) (13X, AC-CuO)
4. Silane (SiH₄) (3A, 4A)
5. Germane (GeH₄) (13X, 5A)
6. Stibine (SbH₃) (13X, AC-CuO)

Mechanism:

• AC-S: Forms stable HgS.

8. Combustion Byproducts

1. Carbon monoxide (CO) (13X, AC-CuO)
2. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (13X, AC)
3. Dioxins (13X, AC)
4. Furans (13X, AC)

9. Industrial Gases

1. Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) (13X, AC-CuO)
2. Cyanogen chloride (CNCl) (13X, AC)
3. Ethylene oxide (C₂H₄O) (13X, 5A)
4. Propylene oxide (C₃H₆O) (13X, 5A)
5. Acrylonitrile (C₃H₃N) (13X, 5A, AC)
6. Methyl isocyanate (MIC) (13X, 5A, AC)

10. Greenhouse Gases

1. Methane (CH₄) (5A, 13X)
2. Ozone (O₃) (13X, AC-MnO₂)
3. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) (13X, 5A, AC)

11. Radioactive Gases

1. Radon (Rn) (13X, 5A)
2. Krypton-85 (Kr-85) (13X, 5A)

12. Rare/Exotic Gases

1. Boron trifluoride (BF₃) (13X, Act. Alumina)
2. Silicon tetrafluoride (SiF₄) (13X, Act. Alumina)
3. Tungsten hexafluoride (WF₆) (13X, 5A)
4. Sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) (13X, 5A)

13. Miscellaneous

1. Carbonyl fluoride (COF₂) (13X, Act. Alumina)
2. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) (13X, 5A)
3. Hydrogen selenide (H₂Se) (13X, AC-CuO)
4. Hydrogen telluride (H₂Te) (13X, AC-CuO)
5. Nitrosyl chloride (NOCl) (13X, AC)
6. Sulfuryl fluoride (SO₂F₂) (13X, Act. Alumina)
7. Phosgene (COCl₂) (13X, 5A, AC)
8. Chloropicrin (CCl₃NO₂) (13X, 5A, AC)
9. Mustard gas (C₄H₈Cl₂S) (13X, 5A, AC)
10. Lewisite (C₂H₂AsCl₃) (13X, AC-CuO)
11. Sarin (C₄H₁₀FO₂P) (13X, Act. Alumina)
12. VX nerve agent (C₁₁H₂₆NO₂PS) (13X, AC-KMnO₄)
13. Tabun (C₅H₁₁N₂O₂P) (13X, AC)
14. Soman (C₇H₁₆FO₂P) (13X, Act. Alumina)
15. Chlorine trifluoride (ClF₃) (13X, Act. Alumina)
16. Nitrogen trifluoride (NF₃) (13X, 5A)
17. Diborane (B₂H₆) (3A, 4A)
18. Arsenic pentafluoride (AsF₅) (13X, Act. Alumina)
19. Phosphorus pentafluoride (PF₅) (13X, Act. Alumina)
20. Antimony pentafluoride (SbF₅) (13X, Act. Alumina)
21. Selenium hexafluoride (SeF₆) (13X, 5A)
22. Tellurium hexafluoride (TeF₆) (13X, 5A)

Key Purification Mechanisms

• Zeolite 3A: Traps H₂O, NH₃, and small polar molecules (pore size ~3 Å).
• Zeolite 13X: Captures large VOCs, SO₂, and CO₂ (pore size ~10 Å).
• Activated Alumina: Targets HF, HCl, and polar gases via chemisorption.
• Impregnated AC:

1. KMnO₄: Oxidizes aldehydes/formaldehyde.
2. CuO/ZnO: Removes H₂S/AsH₃ via chemical reaction.
3. KI: Neutralizes Cl₂/Br₂ by redox.

List of 40 Toxic Gases Adsorbs By Hybrid SYS Car Air Purifier And Their Purification Inside Cars.

Here's a comprehensive list of 40 toxic gases that can be purified using natural zeolites & molecular sieves 3A, 4A, 5A, 13X, activated alumina and impregnated activated carbon, categorized by chemical class with purification mechanisms:

Listen carefully 👍 — Not all the gases in your long list are found inside a car. However, during driving and parking, the air inside a car contains a mixture of gases and total volatile organic compounds TVOCs + PFAS + CO + Combustion Byproducts + Greenhouse & Oxidizing Gases + Sulfur Compounds + Nitrogen & Ammonia Series +Halogenated Compounds + Acidic Gases + Aldehydes.

Below is the actual list of toxic gases commonly found inside cars, categorized for clarity 👇 (selected from your original list only).

🧍♂️ 1. PFAS / Plasticizer Vapors (from seat foam, coatings, etc.)

• Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP)
• Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine — trace

🚗 2. Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOCs)

Sources: Plastics, foams, paints, glues, leather, gasoline vapors, etc.
Common examples:

• Benzene
• Toluene
• Ethylbenzene
• Xylene
• Formaldehyde
• Acetaldehyde
• Acetone
• Methanol
• Ethanol
• Isopropanol
• Butanol
• Styrene
• Hexane
• Heptane
• Octane
• Cyclohexane

👉 These are the most commonly found gases (VOCs) inside cars.

⚗️ 3. Combustion Byproducts (from fuel/engine exhaust)

Sources: Engine exhaust, nearby vehicles, garages.
Common examples:

• Carbon monoxide (CO)
• Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂)
• Nitric oxide (NO)
• Sulfur dioxide (SO₂)
• Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
• Dioxins, Furans (in small quantities)

☣️ 4. Greenhouse & Oxidizing Gases

Sources: Infiltration from city air, tire/engine heat, etc.
Common examples:

• Ozone (O₃)
• Methane (CH₄)
• Nitrous oxide (N₂O) — trace level

🧪 5. Sulfur Compounds (malodorous gases)

Sources: Road exhaust, rubber, fuel additives, exhaust leaks.
Common examples:

• Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S)
• Carbon disulfide (CS₂)
• Dimethyl sulfide (DMS)
• Methyl mercaptan (CH₃SH)

💨 6. Nitrogen & Ammonia Series

Sources: Exhaust gases, indoor air feed, reactions between skin and fabrics.
Common examples:

• Ammonia (NH₃)
• Methylamine (CH₃NH₂)
• Dimethylamine ((CH₃)₂NH)

🧴 7. Halogenated Compounds (from car detailing/cleaning products)

Common examples:

• Dichloromethane
• Trichloroethylene
• Tetrachloroethylene
• Chloroform
• Vinyl chloride (trace in exhaust fumes)

⚙️ 8. Acidic Gases (from exhaust vapors)

Common examples:

• Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
• Nitric acid vapor (HNO₃)
• Sulfuric acid vapor (H₂SO₄)

❌ Gas categories usually NOT found inside cars:

• Heavy metals & organometallics
• Radioactive gases
• Nerve agents / warfare gases
• Rare or exotic fluorides (BF₃, WF₆, etc.)
  

🚗 40 Major Toxic Gases Commonly Found Inside Cars & Suitable Filter Media

No.	Toxic Gas	Category	Effective Filters/Media	Main Removal Mechanism
1	Benzene	VOC	13X, 5A, Activated Carbon (AC)	Adsorption
2	Toluene	VOC	13X, 5A, AC	Adsorption
3	Ethylbenzene	VOC	13X, 5A, AC	Adsorption
4	Xylene	VOC	13X, 5A, AC	Adsorption
5	Formaldehyde	VOC	4A, 13X, AC–KMnO₄	Oxidation to CO₂ & H₂O
6	Acetaldehyde	VOC	4A, 13X, AC–KMnO₄	Oxidation
7	Acetone	VOC	5A, 13X, AC	Adsorption
8	Methanol	VOC	3A, 4A, AC	Adsorption (small pore)
9	Ethanol	VOC	3A, 4A, AC	Adsorption
10	Isopropanol	VOC	3A, 4A, AC	Adsorption
11	Butanol	VOC	5A, 13X, AC	Adsorption
12	Styrene	VOC	13X, 5A, AC	Adsorption
13	Hexane	VOC	5A, 13X, AC	Adsorption
14	Heptane	VOC	5A, 13X, AC	Adsorption
15	Octane	VOC	5A, 13X, AC	Adsorption
16	Cyclohexane	VOC	5A, 13X, AC	Adsorption
17	Carbon monoxide (CO)	Combustion	13X, AC–CuO	Chemisorption/oxidation to CO₂
18	Nitric oxide (NO)	Combustion	13X, AC–Fe₂O₃	Catalytic oxidation
19	Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂)	Combustion	13X, AC–KOH	Reduction / neutralization
20	Sulfur dioxide (SO₂)	Combustion	13X, 4A, AC–KI	Reduction to sulfate
21	Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S)	Sulfur	13X, 4A, AC–ZnO	Conversion to ZnS
22	Carbon disulfide (CS₂)	Sulfur	13X, 5A, AC	Adsorption
23	Dimethyl sulfide (DMS)	Sulfur	13X, 5A, AC	Adsorption
24	Methyl mercaptan (CH₃SH)	Sulfur	13X, 4A, AC–CuO	Chemisorption (Cu–S bond)
25	Ammonia (NH₃)	Nitrogen	3A, 4A, AC–H₃PO₄	Acid–base neutralization
26	Methylamine (CH₃NH₂)	Nitrogen	3A, 4A, AC	Adsorption
27	Dimethylamine ((CH₃)₂NH)	Nitrogen	3A, 4A, AC	Adsorption
28	Dichloromethane	Halogenated	13X, 5A, AC	Adsorption
29	Trichloroethylene	Halogenated	13X, 5A, AC	Adsorption
30	Tetrachloroethylene	Halogenated	13X, 5A, AC	Adsorption
31	Chloroform	Halogenated	13X, 5A, AC–Ag	Chemisorption (Ag–Cl complex)
32	Vinyl chloride	Halogenated	13X, 5A, AC	Adsorption
33	Hydrochloric acid vapor (HCl)	Acidic	13X, 4A, AC	Neutralization
34	Nitric acid vapor (HNO₃)	Acidic	13X, 4A	Adsorption & neutralization
35	Sulfuric acid vapor (H₂SO₄)	Acidic	13X, 4A	Adsorption
36	Ozone (O₃)	Oxidizer	13X, AC–MnO₂	Catalytic decomposition
37	Methane (CH₄)	Greenhouse	5A, 13X	Adsorption (limited)
38	Nitrous oxide (N₂O)	Greenhouse	5A, AC	Physical adsorption
39	Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP)	PFAS	13X, Activated Alumina, AC	Adsorption & surface reaction
40	Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine	PFAS	13X, Activated Alumina, AC	Adsorption

⚙️ Filter Synergy Summary

Filter Material	Main Function	Removable Gas Categories
HEPA Filter	Particle filtration (PM2.5, dust, pollen)	No direct gas removal; must be combined with gas adsorber
Impregnated Activated Carbon (AC)	Adsorption + Chemisorption	VOCs, NOx, SO₂, Cl₂, H₂S, CO, aldehydes
Activated Alumina (AA)	Acidic / HF-type gas adsorption	HF, PFAS, HCl, acid vapors
Zeolite 3A / 4A / 5A / 13X	Size-selective molecular sieving	VOCs, NH₃, CH₄, CO₂, moisture control
KMnO₄ / CuO / ZnO / Fe₂O₃ Impregnations	Oxidation / Neutralization	CO, H₂S, NH₃, aldehydes, NOx

✅ Best Multi-Layer Combination for Car Purifier (Practical Setup)

(1) APHEPA Filter Cover→ (2) Impregnated Activated Carbon (with 9 metal oxides) → (3) Zeolite 3A,4A,5A,13X Layer → (4) Activated Alumina Layer

👉 This combination can remove TVOCs + PFAS + CO + Combustion Byproducts + Greenhouse & Oxidizing Gases + Sulfur Compounds + Nitrogen & Ammonia Series +Halogenated Compounds + Acidic Gase + Aldehydes up to 85-90% inside the cars.

 

REAL-WORLD AIR PURIFICATION IN AEROSPACE: APPLICATIONS OF MOLECULAR SIEVES(3A, 4A, 5A, 13X),ACTIVATED ALUMINA AND IMPREGNATED ACTIVATED CARBON ?

Real-World Air Purification in Aerospace Using Molecular Sieves 3A,4A,5A,13X,Activated Alumina and Impregnated Activated Carbon details are mentioned below,

Molecular sieves (3A, 4A, 5A, 13X), activated alumina, and impregnated activated carbon are critical for air purification in aerospace, ensuring breathable air, contaminant removal, and system protection. Below are key applications:

1. Molecular Sieve 3A (3 Å) – Moisture Control
Application: Drying compressed air in aircraft OBOGS (Onboard Oxygen Generation Systems)

• Removes moisture from engine bleed air before oxygen separation (used in F-22, F-35, and Airbus A350).

Application: Preventing ice formation in avionics cooling systems

• Keeps air dry in fighter jet electronics bays to avoid condensation damage.

2. Molecular Sieve 4A (4 Å) – Cabin Air Drying
Application: Humidity control in spacecraft (ISS & Lunar Gateway)

• Maintains optimal humidity levels in crewed modules.

Application: Helium purification for leak detection in rocket fuel systems

• Ensures ultra-dry helium for testing SpaceX Falcon 9 and NASA SLS fuel tanks.

3. Molecular Sieve 5A (5 Å) – CO₂ & N₂ Management
Application: CO₂ scrubbing in spacesuits (NASA EMU & SpaceX suits)

• Removes exhaled CO₂ to prevent toxicity during EVAs (spacewalks).

Application: Nitrogen generation for aircraft fuel tank inerting (OBIGGS)

• Reduces fire risk in Boeing 787 & military tankers (KC-46) by displacing oxygen.

4. Molecular Sieve 13X (10 Å) – Advanced Contaminant Removal
Application: ISS Trace Contaminant Control System (TCCS)

• Captures ammonia, VOCs, and mercaptans from cabin air.

Application: Mars habitat air revitalization (NASA Artemis & SpaceX Starship)

• Filters CO₂ and odors in closed-loop life support systems.

5. Activated Alumina – Acid Gas & Hydraulic Protection
Application: Removing SO₂ & H₂S from aircraft cabin air

• Protects against corrosive gases in military transports (C-17, C-130).

Application: Drying air in missile guidance systems

• Prevents moisture damage in hypersonic missile (AGM-183A) avionics.

6. Impregnated Activated Carbon – Toxic Gas Adsorption
Application: Chemical warfare agent filtration in military aircraft (AC-130, Osprey)

• Impregnated with KI (for radioiodine) or metals (for nerve agents).

Application: Spacecraft fire aftermath cleanup

• Removes toxic pyrolysis products after onboard fires (used in Soyuz & Dragon capsules).

🚀 Aerospace Air Purification Systems

(Key Adsorbents, Applications, and Example Aerospace)

Adsorbent	Key Applications	Example Aerospace
3A Molecular Sieve	OBOGS air drying, avionics moisture control	F-22, F-35, Airbus A350
4A Molecular Sieve	ISS humidity control, rocket helium purification	ISS, Lunar Gateway (SpaceX Falcon 9, NASA SLS fuel tanks)
5A Molecular Sieve	Spacesuit CO₂ scrubbing, OBIGGS nitrogen generation	NASA EMU, SpaceX suits, Boeing 787, KC-46 tankers
13X Molecular Sieve	ISS TCCS, Mars habitat VOC removal	NASA Artemis, SpaceX Starship
Activated Alumina	Cabin SO₂/H₂S removal, missile air drying	C-17, C-130, AGM-183A hypersonic missile
Impregnated Activated Carbon	NBC air filtration (military aircraft), post-fire cleanup	AC-130, Osprey, Soyuz, Dragon capsules

🌟 Technologies ensure crew safety, system longevity, and mission success in extreme aerospace environments.

REAL-WORLD AIR PURIFICATION IN SUBMARINES: APPLICATIONS OF MOLECULAR SIEVES(3A, 4A, 5A, 13X),ACTIVATED ALUMINA AND IMPREGNATED ACTIVATED CARBON ?

Real-World Submarine Air Purification Using Molecular Sieves 3A,4A,5A,13X,Activated Alumina and Impregnated Activated Carbon details are mentioned below,

Submarines rely on advanced adsorption technologies to maintain breathable air, remove contaminants, and protect sensitive systems in confined underwater environments. Below are specific applications of 3A, 4A, 5A, 13X molecular sieves, activated alumina, and impregnated activated carbon in modern submarines.

1. Molecular Sieve 3A (3 Å) – Moisture Control in Critical Systems
Application: Dehumidifying compressed air for torpedo launch systems

• Prevents moisture buildup in high-pressure air flasks (used in torpedo ejection).
• Used in US Virginia-class & Russian Yasen-class submarines.

Application: Drying air in electronic equipment racks

• Protects sonar, radar, and fire-control systems from condensation.

2. Molecular Sieve 4A (4 Å) – Humidity Control & Oxygen Generation
Application: Electrolytic Oxygen Generator (EOG) air prep

• Removes moisture from feed air before electrolysis (splitting H₂O into O₂ and H₂).
• Critical in French Suffren-class & UK Astute-class submarines.

Application: Atmospheric humidity regulation

• Maintains 40-60% RH in crew compartments to prevent mold and corrosion.

3. Molecular Sieve 5A (5 Å) – CO₂ Scrubbing & Hydrogen Management
Application: CO₂ removal in Air Revitalization Systems (ARS)

• Used in US Navy CDRA (Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly) and Russian VOKhR systems.
• Allows submarines to stay submerged for months (e.g., Ohio-class SSBNs).

Application: Hydrogen filtration from oxygen generators

• Prevents H₂ buildup (explosion risk) by adsorbing trace gases.

4. Molecular Sieve 13X (10 Å) – Trace Contaminant Removal
Application: Ammonia & VOC scrubbing in submarine atmospheres

• Removes refrigerant leaks (NH₃), body odors, and volatile organics.
• Used in German Type 212A & Chinese Type 039A submarines.

Application: Nuclear reactor compartment air filtration

• Captures radioactive isotopes (e.g., krypton-85, iodine-131) in case of leaks.

5. Activated Alumina – Acid Gas & Hydraulic System Protection
Application: SO₂ & H₂S removal from diesel exhaust (AIP submarines)

• Critical in Swedish Gotland-class (Stirling AIP) to prevent crew exposure.

Application: Drying hydraulic control air

• Prevents moisture-induced failures in diving plane actuators & ballast systems.

6. Impregnated Activated Carbon – CBRN & Radioactive Filtration
Application: NBC (Nuclear, Biological, Chemical) air filtration

• ASZM-TEDA impregnated activated carbon (US subs) neutralizes nerve agents (sarin, VX).
• KI-impregnated activated carbon (Russian subs) traps radioactive iodine.
• Application: Smoke & toxic fume removal after fires

Used in emergency air scrubbers following electrical/combustion incidents.

🌊 Submarine Air Purification Systems

(Key Adsorbents, Applications, and Example Submarines)

Adsorbent	Submarine Application	Example Submarines
3A Molecular Sieve	Torpedo launch air drying, electronics dehumidification	US Virginia-class, Russian Yasen-class
4A Molecular Sieve	Oxygen generator air prep, humidity control	French Suffren-class, UK Astute-class
5A Molecular Sieve	CO₂ scrubbing (CDRA), hydrogen filtration	US Ohio-class SSBNs, Russian VOKhR systems
13X Molecular Sieve	Ammonia/VOC removal, reactor air cleanup	German Type 212A, Chinese Type 039A
Activated Alumina	Diesel exhaust scrubbing, hydraulic air drying	Swedish Gotland-class (AIP), Russian Kilo-class
Impregnated Activated Carbon	NBC filtration, post-fire smoke removal	US Los Angeles-class, Russian Akula-class

REAL-WORLD AIR PURIFICATION IN MILITARY DEFENSE: APPLICATIONS OF MOLECULAR SIEVES(3A, 4A, 5A, 13X), ACTIVATED ALUMINA AND IMPREGNATED ACTIVATED CARBON ?

Real-World Military Air Purification Using Molecular Sieves 3A,4A,5A,13X,Activated Alumina and Impregnated Activated Carbon details are mentioned below,

Military systems rely on 3A, 4A, 5A, 13X molecular sieves, activated alumina, and impregnated activated carbon for CBRN (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear) defense, cabin air quality, and equipment protection. Below are combat-proven applications:

1. Molecular Sieve 3A (3 Å) – Critical Moisture Control
Application: Dehumidifying compressed air in battle tanks (M1 Abrams, Leopard 2)

• Prevents moisture-induced corrosion in fire-control systems & optics.

Application: Drying air in missile guidance systems (Javelin, Stinger MANPADS)

• Ensures reliable targeting in humid environments.

2. Molecular Sieve 4A (4 Å) – NBC Air Prep & Electronics Protection
Application: Submarine atmosphere control (Virginia-class, Typhoon-class)

• Maintains dry air to prevent electrical shorts in sonar/radar systems.

Application: Pre-filter for chemical warfare suits (M50 mask, DRASH shelters)

• Removes moisture before air passes through activated charcoal filters.

3. Molecular Sieve 5A (5 Å) – CO₂ Scrubbing & Fuel Safety
Application: Nuclear submarine CO₂ removal (US Navy CDRA systems)

• Extends underwater endurance by scrubbing CO₂ from crew compartments.

Application: Onboard Inert Gas Generation (OBIGGS) in fighter jets (F-35, Su-57)

• Generates nitrogen to inert fuel tanks and prevent explosions.

4. Molecular Sieve 13X (10 Å) – Toxic Gas & VOC Removal
Application: Collective Protection Systems (CPS) in armored vehicles (Bradley, BMP-3)

• Filters nerve agents (sarin, VX) and exhaust fumes in sealed cabins.

Application: Mobile field hospitals (NBC medical shelters)

• Removes airborne toxins in trauma wards during chemical attacks.

5. Activated Alumina – Corrosive Gas Defense
Application: SO₂/H₂S scrubbing in diesel-powered APCs (Stryker, BTR-82A)

• Protects crews from exhaust gases in confined spaces.

Application: Helicopter avionics cooling air drying (Mi-28, CH-47 Chinook)

• Prevents acidic moisture damage to radar & comms systems.

6. Impregnated Activated Carbon – CBRN Warfare Defense
Application: NATO gas mask filters (C2A1, FMJ12)

• Copper/zinc-impregnated activated carbon neutralizes cyanide, arsine, and blood agents.

Application: Nuclear bunker air filtration (Cheyenne Mountain, Russian Kosvinsky)

• KI (potassium iodide)-loaded charcoal traps radioactive iodine-131.

Application: UAV fuel cell air purification (MQ-9 Reaper, Bayraktar TB2)

• Removes contaminants from hydrogen feed gas for extended ISR missions.
  

🎖️ Military Air Purification Systems

(Key Adsorbents, Applications, and Example Military Defense)

Adsorbent	Military Applications	Example Military
3A Molecular Sieve	• Tank avionics drying • Missile guidance air	• M1 Abrams/Leopard 2 • Javelin/Stinger MANPADS
4A Molecular Sieve	• Submarine humidity control • NBC mask pre-filtration	• Virginia/Typhoon-class subs • M50 mask/DRASH shelters
5A Molecular Sieve	• Submarine CO₂ scrubbing • OBIGGS fuel inerting	• USN CDRA systems • F-35/Su-57 OBIGGS
13X Molecular Sieve	• Armored vehicle CPS • Field hospital air	• Bradley/BMP-3 • NBC medical shelters
Activated Alumina	• APC exhaust scrubbing • Helo avionics drying	• Stryker/BTR-82A • Mi-28/CH-47 Chinook
Impregnated Activated Carbon	• Gas masks • Nuclear bunkers • UAV fuel cells	• NATO C2A1/FMJ12 • Cheyenne Mountain • MQ-9/Bayraktar TB2